一:场景描述

对于线上大流量服务或者需要上报日志的nginx服务，每天会产生大量的日志，这些日志非常有价值。可用于计数上报、用户行为分析、接口质量、性能监控等需求。但传统nginx记录日志的方式数据会散落在各自nginx上，而且大流量日志本身对磁盘也是一种冲击。

我们需要把这部分nginx日志统一收集汇总起来,收集过程和结果需要满足如下需求:

  • 支持不同业务获取数据,如监控业务，数据分析统计业务，推荐业务等。
  • 数据实时性
  • 高性能保证

二:技术方案

得益于openresty和kafka的高性能，我们可以非常轻量高效的实现当前需求，架构如下:

方案描述:

  • 1:线上请求打向nginx后，使用lua完成日志整理:如统一日志格式，过滤无效请求，分组等。
  • 2:根据不同业务的nginx日志,划分不同的topic。
  • 3:lua实现producter异步发送到kafka集群。
  • 4:对不同日志感兴趣的业务组实时消费获取日志数据。

三:相关技术

四:安装配置

为了简单直接，我们采用单机形式配置部署，集群情况类似。

1.准备openresty依赖:

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apt-get install libreadline-dev libncurses5-dev libpcre3-dev libssl-dev perl make build-essential

或者:

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yum install readline-devel pcre-devel openssl-devel gcc

2. 安装编译openresty:

(1):安装openresty:
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cd /opt/nginx/ # 安装文件所在目录  
wget https://openresty.org/download/openresty-1.9.7.4.tar.gz  
tar -xzf openresty-1.9.7.4.tar.gz /opt/nginx/

配置:
指定目录为/opt/openresty,默认在/usr/local。

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./configure --prefix=/opt/openresty   
            --with-luajit   
            --without-http_redis2_module   
            --with-http_iconv_module  
make  
make install

3.安装lua-resty-kafka

下载lua-resty-kafka:

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wget https://github.com/doujiang24/lua-resty-kafka/archive/master.zip  
unzip lua-resty-kafka-master.zip -d /opt/nginx/

拷贝lua-resty-kafka到openresty

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mkdir /opt/openresty/lualib/kafka  
cp -rf /opt/nginx/lua-resty-kafka-master/lib/resty /opt/openresty/lualib/kafka/

4:安装单机kafka

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cd /opt/nginx/  
wget http://apache.fayea.com/kafka/0.9.0.1/kafka_2.10-0.9.0.1.tgz  
tar xvf kafka_2.10-0.9.0.1.tgz

开启单机zookeeper

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nohup sh bin/zookeeper-server-start.sh config/zookeeper.properties > ./zk.log 2>&1 &

绑定broker ip,必须绑定
在config/servier.properties下修改host.name

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#host.name={your_server_ip}

启动kafka服务

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nohup sh bin/kafka-server-start.sh config/server.properties > ./server.log 2>&1 &

创建测试topic 

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sh bin/kafka-topics.sh --zookeeper localhost:2181 --create --topic test1 --partitions 1 --replication-factor 1

五:配置运行

开发编辑/opt/openresty/nginx/conf/nginx.conf 实现kafka记录nginx日志功能，源码如下:

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worker_processes  12;  
   
events {  
    use epoll;  
    worker_connections  65535;  
}  
   
http {  
    include       mime.types;  
    default_type  application/octet-stream;  
    sendfile        on;  
    keepalive_timeout  0;  
    gzip on;  
    gzip_min_length  1k;  
    gzip_buffers     4 8k;  
    gzip_http_version 1.1;  
    gzip_types       text/plain application/x-javascript text/css application/xml application/X-JSON;  
    charset UTF-8;  
    # 配置后端代理服务  
    upstream rc{  
        server 10.10.*.15:8080 weight=5 max_fails=3;  
        server 10.10.*.16:8080 weight=5 max_fails=3;  
        server 10.16.*.54:8080 weight=5 max_fails=3;  
        server 10.16.*.55:8080 weight=5 max_fails=3;  
        server 10.10.*.113:8080 weight=5 max_fails=3;  
        server 10.10.*.137:8080 weight=6 max_fails=3;  
        server 10.10.*.138:8080 weight=6 max_fails=3;  
        server 10.10.*.33:8080 weight=4 max_fails=3;  
        # 最大长连数  
        keepalive 32;  
    }  
    # 配置lua依赖库地址  
    lua_package_path "/opt/openresty/lualib/kafka/?.lua;;";  
   
    server {  
        listen       80;  
        server_name  localhost;  
        location /favicon.ico {  
            root   html;  
                index  index.html index.htm;  
        }  
        location / {  
            proxy_connect_timeout 8;  
            proxy_send_timeout 8;  
            proxy_read_timeout 8;  
            proxy_buffer_size 4k;  
            proxy_buffers 512 8k;  
            proxy_busy_buffers_size 8k;  
            proxy_temp_file_write_size 64k;  
            proxy_next_upstream http_500 http_502  http_503 http_504  error timeout invalid_header;  
            root   html;  
            index  index.html index.htm;  
            proxy_pass http://rc;  
            proxy_http_version 1.1;  
            proxy_set_header Connection "";  
            proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;  
            # 使用log_by_lua 包含lua代码,因为log_by_lua指令运行在请求最后且不影响proxy_pass机制  
            log_by_lua '  
                -- 引入lua所有api  
                local cjson = require "cjson"  
                local producer = require "resty.kafka.producer"  
                -- 定义kafka broker地址，ip需要和kafka的host.name配置一致  
                local broker_list = {  
                    { host = "10.10.78.52", port = 9092 },  
                }  
                -- 定义json便于日志数据整理收集  
                local log_json = {}  
                log_json["uri"]=ngx.var.uri  
                log_json["args"]=ngx.var.args  
                log_json["host"]=ngx.var.host  
                log_json["request_body"]=ngx.var.request_body  
                log_json["remote_addr"] = ngx.var.remote_addr  
                log_json["remote_user"] = ngx.var.remote_user  
                log_json["time_local"] = ngx.var.time_local  
                log_json["status"] = ngx.var.status  
                log_json["body_bytes_sent"] = ngx.var.body_bytes_sent  
                log_json["http_referer"] = ngx.var.http_referer  
                log_json["http_user_agent"] = ngx.var.http_user_agent  
                log_json["http_x_forwarded_for"] = ngx.var.http_x_forwarded_for  
                log_json["upstream_response_time"] = ngx.var.upstream_response_time  
                log_json["request_time"] = ngx.var.request_time  
                -- 转换json为字符串  
                local message = cjson.encode(log_json);  
                -- 定义kafka异步生产者  
                local bp = producer:new(broker_list, { producer_type = "async" })  
                -- 发送日志消息,send第二个参数key,用于kafka路由控制:  
                -- key为nill(空)时，一段时间向同一partition写入数据  
                -- 指定key，按照key的hash写入到对应的partition  
                local ok, err = bp:send("test1", nil, message)  
   
                if not ok then  
                    ngx.log(ngx.ERR, "kafka send err:", err)  
                    return  
                end  
            ';  
        }  
        error_page   500 502 503 504  /50x.html;  
        location = /50x.html {  
            root   html;  
        }  
    }  
}

六:检测&运行

1.检测配置,只检测nginx配置是否正确，lua错误日志在nginx的error.log文件中

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./nginx -t /opt/openresty/nginx/conf/nginx.conf

2.启动 

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./nginx -c /opt/openresty/nginx/conf/nginx.conf

3.重启 

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./nginx -s reload

七:测试

1:使用任意http请求发送给当前nginx，如:

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http://10.10.78.52/m/personal/AC8E3BC7-6130-447B-A9D6-DF11CB74C3EF/rc/v1?passport=83FBC7337D681E679FFBA1B913E22A0D@qq.sohu.com&page=2&size=10

2:查看upstream代理是否工作正常

3:查看kafka 日志对应的topic是否产生消息日志，如下:

从头消费topic数据命令

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sh kafka-console-consumer.sh --zookeeper 10.10.78.52:2181 --topic test1 --from-beginning

效果监测:

4:ab压力测试

单nginx+upstream测试:

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ab -n 10000 -c 100 -k http://10.10.34.15/m/personal/AC8E3BC7-6130-447B-A9D6-DF11CB74C3EF/rc/v1?passport=83FBC7337D681E679FFBA1B913E22A0D@qq.sohu.com&page=2&size=10

结果

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Server Software:        nginx
Server Hostname:        10.10.34.15
Server Port:            80
Document Path:          /m/personal/AC8E3BC7-6130-447B-A9D6-DF11CB74C3EF/rc/v1?passport=83FBC7337D681E679FFBA1B913E22A0D@qq.sohu.com
Document Length:        13810 bytes
Concurrency Level:      100
Time taken for tests:   2.148996 seconds
Complete requests:      10000
Failed requests:        9982
   (Connect: 0, Length: 9982, Exceptions: 0)
Write errors:           0
Keep-Alive requests:    0
Total transferred:      227090611 bytes
HTML transferred:       225500642 bytes
Requests per second:    4653.34 [#/sec] (mean)
Time per request:       21.490 [ms] (mean)
Time per request:       0.215 [ms] (mean, across all concurrent requests)
Transfer rate:          103196.10 [Kbytes/sec] received
Connection Times (ms)
              min  mean[+/-sd] median   max
Connect:        0    0   0.1      0       2
Processing:     5   20  23.6     16     701
Waiting:        4   17  20.8     13     686
Total:          5   20  23.6     16     701
Percentage of the requests served within a certain time (ms)
  50%     16
  66%     20
  75%     22
  80%     25
  90%     33
  95%     41
  98%     48
  99%     69
100%    701 (longest request)

单nginx+upstream+log_lua_kafka接入测试:

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ab -n 10000 -c 100 -k http://10.10.78.52/m/personal/AC8E3BC7-6130-447B-A9D6-DF11CB74C3EF/rc/v1?passport=83FBC7337D681E679FFBA1B913E22A0D@qq.sohu.com&page=2&size=10

结果

Server Software:        openresty/1.9.7.4
Server Hostname:        10.10.78.52
Server Port:            80
Document Path:          /m/personal/AC8E3BC7-6130-447B-A9D6-DF11CB74C3EF/rc/v1?passport=83FBC7337D681E679FFBA1B913E22A0D@qq.sohu.com
Document Length:        34396 bytes
Concurrency Level:      100
Time taken for tests:   2.234785 seconds
Complete requests:      10000
Failed requests:        9981
   (Connect: 0, Length: 9981, Exceptions: 0)
Write errors:           0
Keep-Alive requests:    0
Total transferred:      229781343 bytes
HTML transferred:       228071374 bytes
Requests per second:    4474.70 [#/sec] (mean)
Time per request:       22.348 [ms] (mean)
Time per request:       0.223 [ms] (mean, across all concurrent requests)
Transfer rate:          100410.10 [Kbytes/sec] received
Connection Times (ms)
              min  mean[+/-sd] median   max
Connect:        0    0   0.2      0       3
Processing:     6   20  27.6     17    1504
Waiting:        5   15  12.0     14     237
Total:          6   20  27.6     17    1504
Percentage of the requests served within a certain time (ms)
  50%     17
  66%     19
  75%     21
  80%     23
  90%     28
  95%     34
  98%     46
  99%     67
100%   1004 (longest request)