Lua中ipairs和pairs的区别与使用
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<p>关于ipairs()和pairs(),Lua官方手册是这样说明的:</p>
pairs (t)
If t has a metamethod __pairs, calls it with t as argument and returns the first three results from the call.
Otherwise, returns three values: the next function, the table t, and nil, so that the construction
` for k,v in pairs(t) do body end`
will iterate over all key–value pairs of table t.
See function next for the caveats of modifying the table during its traversal.
ipairs (t)
If t has a metamethod __ipairs, calls it with t as argument and returns the first three results from the call.
Otherwise, returns three values: an iterator function, the table t, and 0, so that the construction
` for i,v in ipairs(t) do body end`
will iterate over the pairs (1,t[1]), (2,t[2]), …, up to the first integer key absent from the table.
根据官方手册的描述,pairs会遍历表中所有的key-value值,而pairs会根据key的数值从1开始加1递增遍历对应的table[i]值,直到出现第一个不是按1递增的数值时候退出。
. . .
下面我们以例子说明一下吧
1 | stars = {[1] = "Sun", [2] = "Moon", [5] = 'Earth'} |
使用pairs()将会遍历表中所有的数据,输出结果是:
1 Sun
2 Moon
5 Earth
如果使用ipairs()的话,
1 | for i, v in ipairs(stars) do |
当i的值遍历到第三个元素时,i的值为5,此时i并不是上一个次i值(2)的+1递增,所以遍历结束,结果则会是:
1 Sun
2 Moon
ipairs()和pairs()的区别就是这么简单。
还有一个要注意的是pairs()的一个问题,用pairs()遍历是[key]-[value]形式的表是随机的,跟key的哈希值有关系。看以下这个例子:
1 | stars = {[1] = "Sun", [2] = "Moon", [3] = "Earth", [4] = "Mars", [5] = "Venus"} |
结果是:
2 Moon
3 Earth
1 Sun
4 Mars
5 Venus
并没有按照其在表中的顺序输出。
但是如果是这样定义表stars的话
stars = {"Sun", "Moon", “Earth”, "Mars", "Venus"}
结果则会是
1 Sun
2 Moon
3 Earth
4 Mars
5 Venus
你清楚了吗?:)