安全合规与审计
概述
安全合规与审计是网络安全运营的重要组成部分，确保组织的安全实践符合法律法规和行业标准要求。本教程将详细介绍合规框架、审计流程和持续合规管理方法。
合规框架与标准
主要合规框架
┌─────────────────────────────────────────────┐
│ 主要合规框架 │
├─────────────────────────────────────────────┤
│ │
│ ┌─────────────────────────────────────┐ │
│ │ 国际标准 │ │
│ │ - ISO 27001/27002 │ │
│ │ - NIST CSF │ │
│ │ - COBIT │ │
│ │ - ITIL │ │
│ └─────────────────────────────────────┘ │
│ │
│ ┌─────────────────────────────────────┐ │
│ │ 行业标准 │ │
│ │ - PCI DSS (支付卡) │ │
│ │ - HIPAA (医疗) │ │
│ │ - GLBA (金融) │ │
│ │ - SOX (上市公司) │ │
│ └─────────────────────────────────────┘ │
│ │
│ ┌─────────────────────────────────────┐ │
│ │ 地方法规 │ │
│ │ - GDPR (欧盟) │ │
│ │ - CCPA (加州) │ │
│ │ - 网络安全法 (中国) │ │
│ │ - 数据安全法 (中国) │ │
│ └─────────────────────────────────────┘ │
│ │
└─────────────────────────────────────────────┘ISO 27001 框架
# ISO 27001 合规管理
class ISO27001Compliance:
def __init__(self):
self.controls = self.define_controls()
self.policies = {}
self.evidence = {}
def define_controls(self):
"""定义控制措施"""
return {
'A.5 信息安全策略': [
'5.1 信息安全策略',
'5.2 信息安全角色和职责'
],
'A.6 信息安全组织': [
'6.1 内部组织',
'6.2 移动设备和远程工作'
],
'A.7 人力资源安全': [
'7.1 任用前',
'7.2 任用中',
'7.3 任用终止或变更'
],
'A.8 资产管理': [
'8.1 资产责任',
'8.2 信息分类',
'8.3 媒体处理'
],
'A.9 访问控制': [
'9.1 访问控制业务要求',
'9.2 用户访问管理',
'9.3 用户责任',
'9.4 系统和应用访问控制'
],
'A.10 密码学': [
'10.1 密码控制'
],
'A.11 物理和环境安全': [
'11.1 安全区域',
'11.2 设备安全'
],
'A.12 运行安全': [
'12.1 操作程序和责任',
'12.2 恶意软件防护',
'12.3 备份',
'12.4 日志和监控',
'12.5 运行软件控制',
'12.6 技术漏洞管理',
'12.7 审计信息系统',
'12.8 运行变更控制'
],
'A.13 通信安全': [
'13.1 网络安全管理',
'13.2 信息传输'
],
'A.14 系统获取、开发和维护': [
'14.1 信息安全要求',
'14.2 开发和支持过程中的安全',
'14.3 测试数据'
],
'A.15 供应商关系': [
'15.1 供应商关系中的信息安全',
'15.2 供应商服务交付管理'
],
'A.16 信息安全事件管理': [
'16.1 信息安全事件管理',
'16.2 信息安全改进'
],
'A.17 业务连续性管理中的信息安全': [
'17.1 信息安全连续性',
'17.2 冗余'
],
'A.18 合规性': [
'18.1 法律法规要求',
'18.2 知识产权',
'18.3 记录',
'18.4 独立审查'
]
}
def assess_compliance(self, control_id):
"""评估合规性"""
if control_id not in self.controls:
return {'status': 'error', 'message': '控制不存在'}
# 检查策略
policy_status = self.check_policy(control_id)
# 检查实施
implementation_status = self.check_implementation(control_id)
# 检查证据
evidence_status = self.check_evidence(control_id)
# 综合评估
overall_status = self.calculate_overall_status(
policy_status,
implementation_status,
evidence_status
)
return {
'control_id': control_id,
'policy_status': policy_status,
'implementation_status': implementation_status,
'evidence_status': evidence_status,
'overall_status': overall_status,
'assessed_at': datetime.now()
}
def check_policy(self, control_id):
"""检查策略"""
if control_id in self.policies:
return {
'status': 'compliant',
'policy': self.policies[control_id],
'last_reviewed': self.policies[control_id].get('last_reviewed')
}
else:
return {
'status': 'non_compliant',
'message': '策略未定义'
}
def check_implementation(self, control_id):
"""检查实施"""
# 实现实施检查逻辑
return {
'status': 'compliant',
'implementation_date': datetime.now() - timedelta(days=180)
}
def check_evidence(self, control_id):
"""检查证据"""
if control_id in self.evidence:
return {
'status': 'compliant',
'evidence_count': len(self.evidence[control_id]),
'last_evidence_date': max(
e['date'] for e in self.evidence[control_id]
)
}
else:
return {
'status': 'non_compliant',
'message': '无证据'
}
def calculate_overall_status(self, policy_status, implementation_status, evidence_status):
"""计算总体状态"""
statuses = [
policy_status['status'],
implementation_status['status'],
evidence_status['status']
]
if all(s == 'compliant' for s in statuses):
return 'compliant'
elif any(s == 'non_compliant' for s in statuses):
return 'non_compliant'
else:
return 'partial_compliant'
def add_policy(self, control_id, policy_data):
"""添加策略"""
self.policies[control_id] = {
'title': policy_data['title'],
'content': policy_data['content'],
'created_at': datetime.now(),
'last_reviewed': None
}
def add_evidence(self, control_id, evidence_data):
"""添加证据"""
if control_id not in self.evidence:
self.evidence[control_id] = []
evidence = {
'id': f"EVI-{len(self.evidence[control_id]) + 1}",
'type': evidence_data['type'],
'description': evidence_data['description'],
'file_path': evidence_data.get('file_path'),
'date': datetime.now(),
'added_by': evidence_data.get('added_by', 'system')
}
self.evidence[control_id].append(evidence)
return evidence
# 使用示例
iso_compliance = ISO27001Compliance()
# 添加策略
iso_compliance.add_policy('A.9.1', {
'title': '访问控制业务要求',
'content': '建立访问控制策略，确保只有授权人员才能访问信息系统'
})
# 添加证据
iso_compliance.add_evidence('A.9.1', {
'type': 'document',
'description': '访问控制策略文档',
'file_path': '/policies/access-control.pdf'
})
# 评估合规性
assessment = iso_compliance.assess_compliance('A.9.1')
print(f"合规性评估: {assessment}")NIST CSF 框架
# NIST CSF 合规管理
class NISTCSFCompliance:
def __init__(self):
self.functions = self.define_functions()
self.implementations = {}
def define_functions(self):
"""定义功能"""
return {
'识别 (Identify)': {
'categories': [
'资产管理',
'商业环境',
'治理',
'风险评估',
'风险管理策略'
]
},
'保护 (Protect)': {
'categories': [
'访问控制',
'意识和培训',
'数据安全',
'信息保护流程和程序',
'维护',
'保护技术'
]
},
'检测 (Detect)': {
'categories': [
'异常和事件',
'安全持续监控',
'检测流程'
]
},
'响应 (Respond)': {
'categories': [
'响应规划',
'通信',
'分析',
'缓解',
'改进'
]
},
'恢复 (Recover)': {
'categories': [
'恢复规划',
'改进',
'通信'
]
}
}
def assess_maturity(self, function_name):
"""评估成熟度"""
if function_name not in self.functions:
return {'status': 'error', 'message': '功能不存在'}
function = self.functions[function_name]
# 评估每个类别
category_assessments = {}
for category in function['categories']:
category_assessments[category] = self.assess_category(
function_name,
category
)
# 计算总体成熟度
overall_maturity = self.calculate_maturity(category_assessments)
return {
'function': function_name,
'categories': category_assessments,
'overall_maturity': overall_maturity,
'assessed_at': datetime.now()
}
def assess_category(self, function_name, category_name):
"""评估类别"""
# 实现类别评估逻辑
maturity_levels = {
1: '部分实施',
2: '风险告知',
3: '可重复',
4: '适应',
5: '优化'
}
# 模拟评估结果
maturity_level = random.randint(1, 5)
return {
'category': category_name,
'maturity_level': maturity_level,
'maturity_description': maturity_levels[maturity_level],
'gaps': self.identify_gaps(category_name, maturity_level)
}
def identify_gaps(self, category_name, current_level):
"""识别差距"""
gaps = []
if current_level < 5:
gaps.append({
'current_level': current_level,
'target_level': 5,
'description': '需要达到优化级别'
})
return gaps
def calculate_maturity(self, category_assessments):
"""计算成熟度"""
maturity_levels = [
assessment['maturity_level']
for assessment in category_assessments.values()
]
if not maturity_levels:
return 0
return sum(maturity_levels) / len(maturity_levels)
def generate_roadmap(self, function_name):
"""生成改进路线图"""
assessment = self.assess_maturity(function_name)
roadmap = {
'function': function_name,
'current_maturity': assessment['overall_maturity'],
'target_maturity': 5,
'improvements': []
}
# 为每个类别生成改进计划
for category, assessment in assessment['categories'].items():
if assessment['maturity_level'] < 5:
improvement = {
'category': category,
'current_level': assessment['maturity_level'],
'target_level': 5,
'actions': self.generate_improvement_actions(
category,
assessment['maturity_level']
),
'estimated_time': self.estimate_improvement_time(
assessment['maturity_level']
)
}
roadmap['improvements'].append(improvement)
return roadmap
def generate_improvement_actions(self, category, current_level):
"""生成改进行动"""
actions = []
for level in range(current_level + 1, 6):
actions.append({
'target_level': level,
'description': f'达到级别 {level} 的要求',
'tasks': self.get_level_tasks(category, level)
})
return actions
def get_level_tasks(self, category, level):
"""获取级别任务"""
# 实现任务获取逻辑
return [
'审查当前实践',
'识别改进机会',
'实施改进措施',
'验证改进效果'
]
def estimate_improvement_time(self, current_level):
"""估算改进时间"""
# 基于当前级别估算时间
time_map = {
1: 12, # 12 个月
2: 9, # 9 个月
3: 6, # 6 个月
4: 3 # 3 个月
}
return time_map.get(current_level, 6)
# 使用示例
nist_compliance = NISTCSFCompliance()
# 评估成熟度
assessment = nist_compliance.assess_maturity('保护 (Protect)')
print(f"成熟度评估: {assessment}")
# 生成改进路线图
roadmap = nist_compliance.generate_roadmap('保护 (Protect)')
print(f"改进路线图: {roadmap}")审计流程与方法
审计流程
审计流程:
1. 审计准备:
- 确定审计范围
- 制定审计计划
- 组建审计团队
- 准备审计工具
2. 审计执行:
- 收集证据
- 进行访谈
- 观察操作
- 测试控制
3. 审计分析:
- 分析证据
- 识别问题
- 评估风险
- 形成发现
4. 审计报告:
- 起草报告
- 评审报告
- 发布报告
- 跟踪整改
5. 后续跟踪:
- 监控整改
- 验证效果
- 更新计划
- 持续改进审计工具
# 审计工具集
class AuditToolkit:
def __init__(self):
self.tools = {
'compliance_checker': ComplianceChecker(),
'evidence_collector': EvidenceCollector(),
'vulnerability_scanner': VulnerabilityScanner(),
'configuration_auditor': ConfigurationAuditor()
}
def run_compliance_audit(self, framework, scope):
"""运行合规审计"""
print(f"运行 {framework} 合规审计，范围: {scope}")
results = {
'framework': framework,
'scope': scope,
'started_at': datetime.now(),
'findings': []
}
# 运行合规检查
compliance_results = self.tools['compliance_checker'].check(framework, scope)
results['findings'].extend(compliance_results)
# 收集证据
evidence = self.tools['evidence_collector'].collect(scope)
results['evidence'] = evidence
# 漏洞扫描
vulnerabilities = self.tools['vulnerability_scanner'].scan(scope)
results['vulnerabilities'] = vulnerabilities
# 配置审计
config_issues = self.tools['configuration_auditor'].audit(scope)
results['configuration_issues'] = config_issues
results['completed_at'] = datetime.now()
results['duration'] = results['completed_at'] - results['started_at']
return results
def generate_audit_report(self, audit_results):
"""生成审计报告"""
report = {
'title': f"{audit_results['framework']} 审计报告",
'executive_summary': self.generate_executive_summary(audit_results),
'detailed_findings': audit_results['findings'],
'vulnerabilities': audit_results['vulnerabilities'],
'configuration_issues': audit_results['configuration_issues'],
'recommendations': self.generate_recommendations(audit_results),
'generated_at': datetime.now()
}
return report
def generate_executive_summary(self, audit_results):
"""生成执行摘要"""
total_findings = len(audit_results['findings'])
critical_findings = len([f for f in audit_results['findings'] if f['severity'] == 'critical'])
high_findings = len([f for f in audit_results['findings'] if f['severity'] == 'high'])
return {
'total_findings': total_findings,
'critical_findings': critical_findings,
'high_findings': high_findings,
'overall_status': 'pass' if critical_findings == 0 else 'fail',
'key_risks': self.identify_key_risks(audit_results)
}
def identify_key_risks(self, audit_results):
"""识别关键风险"""
risks = []
# 从发现中识别风险
for finding in audit_results['findings']:
if finding['severity'] in ['critical', 'high']:
risks.append({
'risk': finding['description'],
'severity': finding['severity'],
'likelihood': finding.get('likelihood', 'medium'),
'impact': finding.get('impact', 'high')
})
return risks
def generate_recommendations(self, audit_results):
"""生成建议"""
recommendations = []
# 基于发现生成建议
for finding in audit_results['findings']:
recommendation = {
'finding': finding['description'],
'recommendation': finding.get('recommendation', '需要进一步调查'),
'priority': finding['severity'],
'estimated_effort': finding.get('estimated_effort', 'medium')
}
recommendations.append(recommendation)
return recommendations
class ComplianceChecker:
def check(self, framework, scope):
"""检查合规性"""
findings = []
# 实现合规检查逻辑
# 这里是示例
findings.append({
'control_id': 'A.9.1',
'description': '访问控制策略未完全实施',
'severity': 'high',
'recommendation': '完善访问控制策略并确保全面实施',
'likelihood': 'medium',
'impact': 'high',
'estimated_effort': 'high'
})
return findings
class EvidenceCollector:
def collect(self, scope):
"""收集证据"""
evidence = []
# 实现证据收集逻辑
evidence.append({
'type': 'document',
'description': '安全策略文档',
'file_path': '/policies/security.pdf',
'collected_at': datetime.now()
})
return evidence
class VulnerabilityScanner:
def scan(self, scope):
"""扫描漏洞"""
vulnerabilities = []
# 实现漏洞扫描逻辑
vulnerabilities.append({
'cve_id': 'CVE-2024-1234',
'severity': 'high',
'description': '远程代码执行漏洞',
'affected_systems': ['server-01', 'server-02'],
'remediation': '应用安全补丁'
})
return vulnerabilities
class ConfigurationAuditor:
def audit(self, scope):
"""审计配置"""
issues = []
# 实现配置审计逻辑
issues.append({
'system': 'firewall-01',
'issue': '默认密码未更改',
'severity': 'critical',
'recommendation': '立即更改默认密码'
})
return issues
# 使用示例
audit_toolkit = AuditToolkit()
# 运行审计
audit_results = audit_toolkit.run_compliance_audit('ISO 27001', '全系统')
# 生成报告
report = audit_toolkit.generate_audit_report(audit_results)
print(f"审计报告: {report['executive_summary']}")合规性检查
自动化合规检查
# 自动化合规检查系统
class AutomatedComplianceChecker:
def __init__(self):
self.checks = {}
self.results = {}
self.remediations = {}
def add_check(self, check_id, config):
"""添加检查"""
check = {
'id': check_id,
'name': config['name'],
'description': config['description'],
'control_id': config['control_id'],
'check_type': config['check_type'],
'parameters': config.get('parameters', {}),
'severity': config.get('severity', 'medium'),
'remediation': config.get('remediation', '需要手动处理')
}
self.checks[check_id] = check
return check
def run_check(self, check_id):
"""运行检查"""
if check_id not in self.checks:
return {'status': 'error', 'message': '检查不存在'}
check = self.checks[check_id]
check_type = check['check_type']
# 根据检查类型执行
if check_type == 'configuration':
result = self.check_configuration(check)
elif check_type == 'vulnerability':
result = self.check_vulnerability(check)
elif check_type == 'access_control':
result = self.check_access_control(check)
elif check_type == 'logging':
result = self.check_logging(check)
else:
result = {'status': 'error', 'message': '未知检查类型'}
result['check_id'] = check_id
result['checked_at'] = datetime.now()
self.results[check_id] = result
return result
def check_configuration(self, check):
"""检查配置"""
# 实现配置检查逻辑
parameters = check['parameters']
# 示例：检查密码策略
if 'password_policy' in parameters:
policy = parameters['password_policy']
# 检查最小密码长度
if policy.get('min_length', 0) < 8:
return {
'status': 'failed',
'message': '密码最小长度不足 8 位',
'severity': check['severity'],
'remediation': '将密码最小长度设置为至少 8 位'
}
# 检查密码复杂度
if not policy.get('require_complexity', False):
return {
'status': 'failed',
'message': '未启用密码复杂度要求',
'severity': check['severity'],
'remediation': '启用密码复杂度要求'
}
return {
'status': 'passed',
'message': '配置检查通过'
}
def check_vulnerability(self, check):
"""检查漏洞"""
# 实现漏洞检查逻辑
parameters = check['parameters']
# 示例：检查已知漏洞
if 'cve_ids' in parameters:
cve_ids = parameters['cve_ids']
# 检查系统是否存在这些漏洞
vulnerable_systems = self.scan_for_vulnerabilities(cve_ids)
if vulnerable_systems:
return {
'status': 'failed',
'message': f'发现 {len(vulnerable_systems)} 个系统存在漏洞',
'affected_systems': vulnerable_systems,
'severity': check['severity'],
'remediation': check['remediation']
}
return {
'status': 'passed',
'message': '未发现漏洞'
}
def check_access_control(self, check):
"""检查访问控制"""
# 实现访问控制检查逻辑
parameters = check['parameters']
# 示例：检查特权账户
if 'privilege_accounts' in parameters:
accounts = parameters['privilege_accounts']
# 检查是否有未授权的特权账户
unauthorized_accounts = self.check_unauthorized_privileges(accounts)
if unauthorized_accounts:
return {
'status': 'failed',
'message': f'发现 {len(unauthorized_accounts)} 个未授权特权账户',
'unauthorized_accounts': unauthorized_accounts,
'severity': check['severity'],
'remediation': '审查并移除未授权的特权账户'
}
return {
'status': 'passed',
'message': '访问控制检查通过'
}
def check_logging(self, check):
"""检查日志"""
# 实现日志检查逻辑
parameters = check['parameters']
# 示例：检查日志配置
if 'log_sources' in parameters:
sources = parameters['log_sources']
# 检查日志源是否正确配置
misconfigured_sources = self.check_log_configuration(sources)
if misconfigured_sources:
return {
'status': 'failed',
'message': f'发现 {len(misconfigured_sources)} 个日志源配置错误',
'misconfigured_sources': misconfigured_sources,
'severity': check['severity'],
'remediation': '修正日志源配置'
}
return {
'status': 'passed',
'message': '日志检查通过'
}
def scan_for_vulnerabilities(self, cve_ids):
"""扫描漏洞"""
# 实现漏洞扫描逻辑
# 这里是示例
return ['server-01', 'server-02']
def check_unauthorized_privileges(self, accounts):
"""检查未授权特权"""
# 实现特权检查逻辑
# 这里是示例
return ['user1', 'user2']
def check_log_configuration(self, sources):
"""检查日志配置"""
# 实现日志配置检查逻辑
# 这里是示例
return ['firewall-01']
def run_all_checks(self):
"""运行所有检查"""
results = {}
for check_id in self.checks:
result = self.run_check(check_id)
results[check_id] = result
return results
def generate_compliance_report(self):
"""生成合规报告"""
results = self.run_all_checks()
total_checks = len(results)
passed_checks = len([r for r in results.values() if r['status'] == 'passed'])
failed_checks = len([r for r in results.values() if r['status'] == 'failed'])
report = {
'summary': {
'total_checks': total_checks,
'passed_checks': passed_checks,
'failed_checks': failed_checks,
'compliance_rate': (passed_checks / total_checks * 100) if total_checks > 0 else 0
},
'failed_checks': [
{
'check_id': check_id,
'name': self.checks[check_id]['name'],
'severity': result['severity'],
'message': result['message'],
'remediation': result.get('remediation')
}
for check_id, result in results.items()
if result['status'] == 'failed'
],
'generated_at': datetime.now()
}
return report
# 使用示例
compliance_checker = AutomatedComplianceChecker()
# 添加检查
compliance_checker.add_check('password-policy', {
'name': '密码策略检查',
'description': '检查密码策略是否符合要求',
'control_id': 'A.9.4.1',
'check_type': 'configuration',
'parameters': {
'password_policy': {
'min_length': 6,
'require_complexity': False
}
},
'severity': 'high',
'remediation': '更新密码策略'
})
compliance_checker.add_check('vulnerability-scan', {
'name': '漏洞扫描',
'description': '检查系统是否存在已知漏洞',
'control_id': 'A.12.6.1',
'check_type': 'vulnerability',
'parameters': {
'cve_ids': ['CVE-2024-1234', 'CVE-2024-5678']
},
'severity': 'critical',
'remediation': '应用安全补丁'
})
# 生成合规报告
report = compliance_checker.generate_compliance_report()
print(f"合规报告: {report['summary']}")实际应用示例
构建合规管理平台
# 合规管理平台
class ComplianceManagementPlatform:
def __init__(self):
self.frameworks = {}
self.audits = {}
self.remediations = {}
self.reports = {}
def add_framework(self, framework_id, config):
"""添加合规框架"""
framework = {
'id': framework_id,
'name': config['name'],
'description': config['description'],
'controls': config['controls'],
'added_at': datetime.now()
}
self.frameworks[framework_id] = framework
return framework
def create_audit(self, audit_id, config):
"""创建审计"""
audit = {
'id': audit_id,
'name': config['name'],
'framework_id': config['framework_id'],
'scope': config['scope'],
'schedule': config.get('schedule'),
'status': 'scheduled',
'created_at': datetime.now()
}
self.audits[audit_id] = audit
return audit
def execute_audit(self, audit_id):
"""执行审计"""
if audit_id not in self.audits:
raise ValueError(f"审计不存在: {audit_id}")
audit = self.audits[audit_id]
audit['status'] = 'in_progress'
audit['started_at'] = datetime.now()
# 运行合规检查
framework = self.frameworks[audit['framework_id']]
results = self.run_compliance_checks(framework, audit['scope'])
audit['results'] = results
audit['status'] = 'completed'
audit['completed_at'] = datetime.now()
audit['duration'] = audit['completed_at'] - audit['started_at']
# 生成报告
report = self.generate_audit_report(audit)
self.reports[audit_id] = report
return audit
def run_compliance_checks(self, framework, scope):
"""运行合规检查"""
results = []
for control in framework['controls']:
result = self.check_control(control, scope)
results.append(result)
return results
def check_control(self, control, scope):
"""检查控制"""
# 实现控制检查逻辑
return {
'control_id': control['id'],
'control_name': control['name'],
'status': 'compliant',
'evidence': [],
'findings': []
}
def generate_audit_report(self, audit):
"""生成审计报告"""
total_controls = len(audit['results'])
compliant_controls = len([r for r in audit['results'] if r['status'] == 'compliant'])
non_compliant_controls = total_controls - compliant_controls
report = {
'audit_id': audit['id'],
'audit_name': audit['name'],
'framework_id': audit['framework_id'],
'executive_summary': {
'total_controls': total_controls,
'compliant_controls': compliant_controls,
'non_compliant_controls': non_compliant_controls,
'compliance_rate': (compliant_controls / total_controls * 100) if total_controls > 0 else 0
},
'detailed_results': audit['results'],
'recommendations': self.generate_recommendations(audit['results']),
'generated_at': datetime.now()
}
return report
def generate_recommendations(self, results):
"""生成建议"""
recommendations = []
for result in results:
if result['status'] != 'compliant':
for finding in result['findings']:
recommendation = {
'control_id': result['control_id'],
'finding': finding['description'],
'recommendation': finding.get('recommendation', '需要进一步调查'),
'priority': finding.get('severity', 'medium'),
'estimated_effort': finding.get('estimated_effort', 'medium')
}
recommendations.append(recommendation)
return recommendations
def create_remediation_plan(self, audit_id):
"""创建整改计划"""
if audit_id not in self.reports:
raise ValueError(f"审计报告不存在: {audit_id}")
report = self.reports[audit_id]
remediation_plan = {
'audit_id': audit_id,
'recommendations': report['recommendations'],
'tasks': self.create_remediation_tasks(report['recommendations']),
'created_at': datetime.now(),
'status': 'pending'
}
self.remediations[audit_id] = remediation_plan
return remediation_plan
def create_remediation_tasks(self, recommendations):
"""创建整改任务"""
tasks = []
for i, recommendation in enumerate(recommendations):
task = {
'task_id': f"TASK-{i + 1}",
'recommendation': recommendation['recommendation'],
'priority': recommendation['priority'],
'estimated_effort': recommendation['estimated_effort'],
'assigned_to': None,
'status': 'pending',
'due_date': None
}
tasks.append(task)
return tasks
def schedule_audits(self):
"""调度审计"""
scheduled_audits = []
for audit_id, audit in self.audits.items():
if audit['status'] == 'scheduled' and audit.get('schedule'):
if self.should_run_audit(audit):
scheduled_audits.append(audit_id)
return scheduled_audits
def should_run_audit(self, audit):
"""判断是否应该运行审计"""
schedule = audit.get('schedule')
if not schedule:
return False
schedule_type = schedule.get('type', 'manual')
if schedule_type == 'daily':
return True
elif schedule_type == 'weekly':
day_of_week = schedule.get('day_of_week', 0)
return datetime.now().weekday() == day_of_week
elif schedule_type == 'monthly':
day_of_month = schedule.get('day_of_month', 1)
return datetime.now().day == day_of_month
return False
# 创建平台实例
platform = ComplianceManagementPlatform()
# 添加 ISO 27001 框架
platform.add_framework('iso-27001', {
'name': 'ISO 27001',
'description': '信息安全管理体系',
'controls': [
{'id': 'A.9.1', 'name': '访问控制业务要求'},
{'id': 'A.12.6', 'name': '技术漏洞管理'},
{'id': 'A.18.1', 'name': '法律法规要求'}
]
})
# 创建审计
audit = platform.create_audit('audit-001', {
'name': '年度 ISO 27001 审计',
'framework_id': 'iso-27001',
'scope': '全系统',
'schedule': {
'type': 'yearly',
'month': 1,
'day': 1
}
})
# 执行审计
result = platform.execute_audit('audit-001')
print(f"审计结果: {result['status']}")
# 生成整改计划
remediation_plan = platform.create_remediation_plan('audit-001')
print(f"整改计划: {len(remediation_plan['tasks'])} 个任务")总结
本教程详细介绍了安全合规与审计：
-
合规框架与标准：
- ISO 27001
- NIST CSF
- PCI DSS
- GDPR
- 其他标准
-
审计流程与方法：
- 审计准备
- 审计执行
- 审计分析
- 审计报告
- 后续跟踪
-
合规性检查：
- 自动化检查
- 手动检查
- 持续监控
- 定期审计
-
审计工具：
- 合规检查器
- 证据收集器
- 漏洞扫描器
- 配置审计器
-
实际应用：
- 合规管理平台
- 自动化审计
- 整改管理
-
最佳实践：
- 持续合规
- 文档完善
- 证据保存
- 持续改进
安全合规与审计是确保组织安全实践符合要求的重要手段，建立完善的合规管理体系对于降低风险、提高信任至关重要。
下一步
在下一教程中，我们将学习网络安全运营管理最佳实践，包括：
-
安全运营成熟度模型
-
关键绩效指标（KPI）
-
持续改进方法
-
团队建设与发展
-
技术趋势与未来展望
继续学习网络安全运营，掌握这门重要领域的更多知识！
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